• Child Development: This includes the study of physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, as well as understanding brain development in the early years.
• Learning Theories: A focus on how young children learn through different approaches like behaviorism, social learning, Piaget's cognitive developmental theory, and Gardner's multiple intelligences.
• Curriculum Planning: Designing age-appropriate activities and experiences for young children, focusing on both long-term and short-term planning.
• Health and Nutrition: Understanding the importance of health, nutrition, and hygiene for early childhood development. This includes topics like common illnesses, immunization, first aid, and balanced meal planning.
• Play and Play-Based Learning: The concept of play as a crucial tool for learning, exploring different types of play, and how to use play to support communication, early literacy, and numeracy skills.
• Social and Emotional Development: Developing social capacities, sensitivity, good behavior, courtesy, ethics, and a sense of teamwork and cooperation.
• Communication and Language: Supporting early language development, early literacy, and communication skills. 

Other essential subjects

• Family and Community Engagement: Involving families and the community in a child's development and learning.
• Assessment and Evaluation: Methods and techniques for assessing a child's progress and development.
• Special Needs Education: Understanding the characteristics and needs of children with special needs and learning about rehabilitative measures.
• Safety and Rights: Ensuring a safe working environment, complying with regulations, and understanding children's rights.